The Defeat Of The Spanish Armada Essay Example

The Defeat Of The Spanish Armada Essay The Spanish Armada was a ground-breaking naval force that endeavored to enter England forcibly in 1588.This naval force had been called beforehand The Invincible Armada, in light of the fact that the Spaniards believed that it couldn't be crushed (The History of).Philip II of Spain had numerous motivations to need to dispose of Queen Elizabeth.For quite a while, English boats had been assaulting Spanish fortune delivers and striking Spanish settlements in the Americas.Queen Elizabeth declined rebuffing the privateers and would not restore the fortunes that they had acquired.Another reason was the creation of England an awkward nation for Catholics, since they could be fined or saved hostage for not going to the Protestant Church.As she supported Protestant thoughts, she was eager to battle against Catholic Spain.English troops had been battling along with the Dutch dissidents in their war contradicting their Spanish rulers (Shenkman). The referenced armada was comprised of 130 boats and 30,000 men, most of which were soldiers.On the other hand, the English conveyed no military by any stretch of the imagination, and just 16,000 mariners, alongside long-go guns on low speedy boats to get mobility. The extraordinary Spanish destruction by the English comes still as an astonishment for some, who can't see how they could pound a naval force of such size.The authority of the naval force was the Duke of Medina Sidonia, who acknowledged Philips arrangement reluctantly since he didn't have any military experience as the Spanish strategy, drawing near to the foe and let officers hop over to the adversaries ships, parted with easily.The Duke was picked in light of the fact that the past leader had passed on in February that year, and in light of the fact that he was the best Spanish honorable of the time.Even in this way, the Armada was as yet thought to be top notch (Mazour). The 30th of May of 1588, the Spanish Armada left towards English waters from Lisbon, Portugal, a fter the Pope had favored the attack.Almost

The Argument of Plato's Republic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Argument of Plato's Republic - Essay Example Would he despite everything decide to come clean with just to an individual in such a state? As per Socrates, along these lines, saying reality and retuning what one has gotten don't meet all requirements to be equity. All things considered, truth telling and giving back isn't equity. Polemarchus, acquiring the contention from Cephalous proceeded to give his comprehension of equity. As indicated by Polemarchus, equity implies offering favor to companions and abusing adversaries. That is, it is the thing that renders great to companions when he is acceptable and damages to adversaries when he is terrible. Socrates negates his depiction based on what conditions should the simply man can profit by companions and get detestable from foes. As per him, Polemarchus alludes to equity as a sort of taking to profit companions and mischief adversaries. It is simply to wrong the out of line. Separating among companions and foes gets troublesome, accordingly. Numerous individuals who appear to be acceptable much of the time are most certainly not. Socrates gives a case of one who is talented to give a blow as the one generally mindful to make sure about a gatekeeper from a blow. Polemarchus concedes the contention saying he didn't have the foggiest idea what he implied. He despite everything accepts, however, that equity benefits companions and mischief foes. Thrasymachus then came into the discussion. As indicated by him, the simply is the benefit of the more grounded. He brings up different systems of rule, for example, despots, majority rule government rules, and gentry. As indicated by him, the decision party defines the objectives and laws. Equity, thusly, is the preferred position gotten by the decision party.

What Is the Fear of Driving

What Is the Fear of Driving Phobias Types Print The Fear of Driving and Related Phobias By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 22, 2019 KittisakJirasittichai / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Although it lacks an official name, the fear of driving is incredibly common and may be mild or severe. Some people fear only specific driving situations, such as driving in storms or on freeways, while others are afraid of simply sitting behind the wheel. Related Phobias Often other phobias can be linked to the fear of driving, especially one or more of the following: Agoraphobia: The fear of driving is commonly associated with agoraphobia. Loosely defined as the fear of being trapped when a  panic attack  occurs, agoraphobia leads to the  avoidance  of situations that feel threatening. Driving is one of the primary  clusters  in which agoraphobia manifests. Bridges, tunnels and long deserted stretches of roadway are particularly difficult for many people with agoraphobia.Claustrophobia: A fear of driving is sometimes related to claustrophobia. The fear of enclosed spaces, claustrophobia is easily triggered by the relatively small confines of a car. Some people with claustrophobia report that their fear is worse as  passengers,  while others are more afraid of being the driver.Performance  Anxiety: Driving is a major responsibility. Not only must you manage your own safety, but that of your passengers and others on the road. Those who suffer from  stage fright  or other performance-related fears may be uncomfortable trusting in their own driving a bilities. The fear may be heightened when passengers are present, particularly for those with  social phobia.Fear of Accidents: Those who suffer from  dystychiphobia, or  the fear of accidents, try to avoid situations that increase the risk of physical danger. In addition, a more general  risk aversion  may also heighten the fear. As an inherently risky activity, driving has the potential to trigger risk-based phobias.Fear of Travel: The fear of travel,  hodophobia, encompasses fears of all forms of transportation. Many people with this phobia are comfortable driving to familiar locations but are scared to explore new destinations or routes.Fear of Authority: A slight nervousness around authority figures is natural, but some people are genuinely terrified of any contact with authority. People with this phobia are often afraid when driving around police cars, fire trucks or ambulances. You might also be reluctant to negotiate unfamiliar traffic lights, roundabouts and other traffic s ituations for fear of doing something wrong. Simple Driving Phobia The fear of driving is not always linked to another phobia. Many people experience a simple driving phobia that is uncomplicated by other fears. A simple driving phobia may be caused by different factors, including: Bad Experience: If you have been in a car accident, you may be at elevated risk for developing a fear of driving. Other potential triggers include driving through a major storm, getting lost, being pulled over or driving in unusually heavy traffic. The negative situation need not have happened to you. Witnessing a particularly bad crash in person or on television, or knowing someone who went through one, could be enough to trigger this fear.Family or Friends: How your parents and friends treat driving may influence how you feel about it. If one or both parents are particularly cautious drivers, it is not unusual to internalize their concerns. Some people develop a fear after watching particularly gruesome drivers education films or Mothers Against Drunk Driving displays. Some driving phobias lack a clear cause. Some people find that their fear develops suddenly, after years of successful driving experience. Others simply never have the desire to learn to drive. Fortunately, it is not necessary to find the cause in order to treat the phobia. Treating Driving Phobia It is always best to seek professional treatment for any driving phobia to ensure that another condition, such as agoraphobia or claustrophobia, is not present. Left untreated, even a relatively mild driving phobia may worsen over time. Treatment options for a simple driving phobia run the gamut from individual therapy sessions to seminars, group exposure sessions and psycho-educational classes. Exposure therapy may be a particularly good way to overcome this phobia. Some people find that working with a private driving instructor is a helpful complement to mental health treatment solutions. The fear of driving can have a major impact on virtually all areas of your life. With professional assistance and hard work, however, there is no reason to become a prisoner to your fear.

Education Is The World Grows, So Does Technology - 945 Words

As the world grows, so does technology. Meaning, young children are more exposed to things they normally would not be with the help of social media. One of those widely exposed topics are sexual activities of all kinds. Children nowadays rely heavily on social media and technology. These different websites expose them to things they should not yet be exposed to. Therefore, teaching sexual education in elementary schools can go one or two ways. At least a decade ago, technology was not as big of a deal as it is now. Technology plays a huge role in society today. Sometimes, you cannot even teach children anything because social media has already exposed them to everything you normally would not want your thirteen year old son or daughter knowing or seeing. With that being said, sex education in public elementary schools can have multiple effects on children. Of course as a kid, you will know things that particularly your parents did not teach you or expose you to; however, you as a parent also still have a lot of control and authority to be aware of what your children know and encounter. It is always good to be educated on certain things to avoid anything that can be avoided. For example, teaching children that condoms may decrease the chances of catching a sexually transmitted disease, may encourage them to use one or not engage in sexual activity altogether. Also, teaching and showing them about sexually transmitted diseases may stir them away from doing things theyShow MoreRelatedThe Issues Of The United States912 Words   |  4 Pagescaught up to it yet. America has become complacent in their status and ability. After so long of being on top, suddenly we are not. Times have changed and the country no longer enjoys the edge it once had. We must innovate once again and invest in our future. The United States has not kept pace in the face of globalization and must get back on track to remain a leader in the trade, financial and scientific world. The issues raised are eye-opening as well as unsettling for being somewhat invisibleRead MoreU.S. Education Today Tomorrow1325 Words   |  6 PagesU.S. Education Today Tomorrow This paper reviews four important trends in our educational system today across America and discusses the impact of these trends on our future educational system. We live in an ever evolving world with constant changes that are affecting every aspect of our lives daily. Our educational system has not been immune to these changes and shouldn’t be since these changes and our ability to adapt to these changes will determine our future academic success and our place inRead MoreTechnology And The Internet Of Things Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesThe field of technology is growing every day and with each passing year new ideas are brought into surface and new inventions are created. The growing trend of technology is expanding to just about every corner of the world and it’s only going to get bigger within the next few years. One of these trends is known as the Internet of Things (IoT). The Internet of Things is the growing expanding area of technological devices over a netw ork over the Internet such as computers and smartphones, howeverRead More A Creative Classroom Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesA Creative Classroom Art education is an essential part of a childs development through life, and much of their learning for life takes place inside the classroom. Those first few years are so incredibly important to the development of each child, and without the creative learning opportunities, children will lack the qualities they need to grow in this world. Art will be something that they will use throughout their life time, so it is imperative to introduce it into their lives early onRead MoreShould Entertainment Education Be Taught?1423 Words   |  6 Pages Our world today is filled with new advanced technologies. Children as young as the age of two are able to learn how to use these electronics. Watching television, using the computer, playing with the tablet or an Iphone are few items that interest and keep the children entertained. When no source of entertainment is presented, children will find something that does attract them.Students are more engaged in a learning environment when some sort of entertainment is presented. Starting off a discussionRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Youth1017 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology plays a large role in today’s youth. It is utilized in everyday life through school, work, and home. There are several different types of technology. Watching television, using a cellular device, playing video games, and using a computer make up some of the ways to utilize technology. Children and teens make up youth today. Even children have begun to use technology often, along with teens. Many of today’s youth have grown up with technology surrounded by them. This is becoming a hugeRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On The Classroom1277 Words   |  6 Pages Technology in Classroom Ali Boholaiga Kathrine Barrett ELI 084 Technology in Classroom Technology is all over our minds and concerns whether in regard to social impact, dependency or its use at educational institutions. It is currently the most debated issue in our modern society. Technology, it is believed, will become necessary for our survival in the future. It is the agent who will preserve the human race. The use of technology in classrooms is one example thatRead MoreThe Importance of a Formal Education Essay example839 Words   |  4 Pagesignorance due to a lack of formal education. It would appear that the term naivetà © would apply as well to one who was taught, albeit insufficiently. The majority of the human world is naà ¯ve and abandoned, causing them to remain that way, whether through inability to access a form of formal education or through the inabilities of the teachers attempting to teach them. It would appear that the lack of education is a major problem in the world. The worldwide lack of education is due mainly to the scarceRead MoreThe Causes Of Haitis Underdevelopment1613 Words   |  7 Pagesimpact on level of education and future infrastructure, a contextualized measure of a nation’s development and/or growth. Amartya Sen, an economist and international development theorist, found that the development of any nation is based the ideological principles of education, health and income. Modernization theory emphasizes that the underdevelopment of a nation is due to the solidification of tradition values, and the concurrent disregard for the need for modern education practices. The impactRead MoreChildren And Screen Time : Children s Development1191 Words   |  5 PagesChildren and Screen Time With new technology and advances in education it is no wonder the use of computers, iPads, and other devices are trickling into the daily life of our younger generations. Perhaps these advances could be doing more harm than providing the enriching education parents and schools think they are. There are now elementary schools where every child has their own iPad and middle schools with Chrome Books the students can take home. Even paper textbooks are being replaced with electronic

Early Onset of Ahzheimers in Adulthood Essay examples

Alzheimer’s disease affects the lives of over 5 million Americans today. The cost that it has placed on the U.S is a staggering $203 million dollars. Researchers have reported that those numbers are expected to triple by 2050. However draining that this disease may seem, the real question is whether there is a solution. To this day there is still no cure to stop or even slow down th progression of the brain disease but there are treatments that help cover the symptoms. While the majority of the people who suffer from Alzheimer is generally over the age of 65, about 200,000, of the estimated 5 million, are in the age range of 30-40. First off the list is the impending question; what is Alzheimer’s? In short, Alzheimer’s is a degenerative,†¦show more content†¦While aluminum has been to be a neurotoxin, the fact that it could be a cause of Alzheimer becomes evident in the case of a 58 year-old Caucasian male who worked with the preparation of a material, D ARMATT KM1 that was used as insulation in the nuclear fuel and space industries(Exley, 2). This indicates that he was exposed to aluminum sulphate dust ona daily basis over 8 years. The Caucasian male eventually died at the age of 66, after multiple complaints of headaches, tiredness and mouth ulcers. This mans frontal lobe was then cut into fifty pieces each weighing approximately 300mg, this sample confirmed that this man had a extremely high dosage of aluminum in his frontal lobe alone and while it does not prove that it caused Alzheimers to appear it does indicate that aluminum was highly likely to have contributed to the rapid progression of the disease. There have been many more theories as to what causes the degenerative disease; Oxidative stress which occurs when the body creates too many free radical and their is an imbalance of available antioxidants then damage can occur. Amyloid Proteins can also be named for contributing to the growth of Alzheimers, such proteins as AB , tau, and oligomers can be the real culprit in the neurotoxicity that is the characteristic of AD (Shan 35). Clear indicators that one has Alzheimers disease is the inability to

Animal Testing Alternatives - 1085 Words

Although animal testing was a main component for the facilitation of medical research in the past, it is no longer necessary due to the option of alternate testing methods. Animals that fall victim to the mercy of animal research are subject to experimentation for the purpose of manufacturing harmless products (McKnight 2). Cell cultures, the MIMIC system, TraumaMan, in vitro, and human volunteers are substitutes for this inhumane procedure (Sullivan 4; â€Å"PCRM Scientists Educate† 10). Animal testing is a cruel, outmoded method that sacrifices the lives of innocent animals, despite the availability of humane alternatives. In the twenty-first century, it is illegal for humans to be guinea pigs for research unless they volunteer themselves. On†¦show more content†¦The brain of a human is more complex than that of an animal, but the limbic system of the animal brain and the amygdala of the human brain make it possible for both species to experience emotional conditions such as empathy, happiness, and fear. The reaction of fear was evident in the eyes and distress calls of cattle who were being forced onto tables, tortured, and murdered by the Australian experimenters who decided that the cattle had outlived their utility in an uncovered video dating back to June of 2011 (Park 2). In addition, these creatures’ feelings are linked to their facial expressions like humans. According to Nature Methods, the wincing and flinching a mouse displays while enduring the side effects of having its tail seared by boiling, hot water is similar to the pain response of Homo Sapiens (Ferdowsian 1). The soo ner people comprehend the similarities they share with animals, the faster animal testing will be terminated for the concept of rescuing their fellow creatures. In the 1970s, the federal government discovered a case where African American men were exploited in experiments regarding syphilis. The researchers conducting the experiments claimed that Black men were not worthy of living and served a greater good for humanity through experimentation (Rollin 2). This utilitarianism perspective is the most common misconception among those who support animal testing. This perspective is caused by humans adopting the fallacy thatShow MoreRelatedAlternatives To Animal Testing1696 Words   |  7 Pagesbe supporting animal testing and not even know it. According to PETA, it is estimated that each year 26 million animals in the United States are used for animal testing(2017). As many may believe that animal testing is the only way to find out new things or test products, it is not, there are new alternatives that scientists have found like in vitro methods, and studies with human volunteers that have been proven to work without harming these animals. ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL TESTING Every year, millionsRead MoreAlternative to Animal Testing Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesAlternatives to Animal Testing Animal testing has become a controversial issue among many people in the world today. Some of these people involved in this controversial debate believe that animal testing is unethical and should be replaced by other methods. The other group of people in this debate believe that animal testing is necessary in order to research new products that cannot be tested on humans. Traditional animal testing forces animals to undergo numerous experiments for different formsRead MoreAlternative Methods Of Animal Testing1442 Words   |  6 Pages Alternative Methods to Animal Testing Animal testing is the use of animals in research to determine the safety of a product, usually cosmetics or pharmaceutical drugs. This method of testing is an outdated science while alternative, non-animal methods are rapidly becoming more effective. Laws in the United States do not require cosmetics or medicinal drugs to be tested on animals, only that the products must be proven safe (FDA). Some argue that animal testing is necessary to improve human lifeRead MoreThe Ethics of Animal Testing for Vaccine Development and Potential Alternatives 1983 Words   |  8 PagesAnimal testing is important to ensure the safety of a variety of products, specifically pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and medical devices used for surgery and other treatments. It has also been used throughout history for various purposes. Once an unregulated practice, today there are laws, regulations, and requirements associated with the ethical use of animal models. In the United States, animal studies are now r equired before moving on to clinical trials. Legalities aside, controversy still arisesRead MoreEssay about We Must Search for Alternatives to Animal Testing1223 Words   |  5 Pagesdisease thanks to animal research but is animal research always beneficial? â€Å"Treat others as you would want to be treated,† is what the Golden Rule has taught us for many years. Should we not treat animals the same way we want to be treated in return? The topic of animals being used in medical research has been controversial for many years. One side of the argument says that using animals is the only way to safely test a product before it reaches the public, but others say alternatives should be pursuedRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Morally Wrong? Essay1373 Words   |  6 PagesHumans are animals, and as such it is morally wrong to use them to test pharmaceuticals intended for use by humans. Those who support animal experimentation believe it is a necessary evil, in part due to the false inf ormation put out by the media. The so-called benefits of animal testing have not helped humans for years, yet in many countries the law still requires researchers use animals to test their medications. In fact, although alternatives have been found, few steps have been taken to put anRead MoreThe Cruelty of Animal Testing1644 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing is a completely unnecessary act of cruelty and should not be allowed for various reasons. It is superfluous for innocent animals to undergo chemical testing of any sort, not only do they suffer, but there are other more humane alternatives to test products. Many people who are in favor of animal testing do not know of these safer more humane alternatives. Many methods have been developed to help stop animal testing, and improve the health system of all human beings. A significantRead MoreA Change Of Heart About Animals950 Words   |  4 PagesAnimals have similar characteristics to humans in terms of their physical and psychological states, thus we have a moral obligation to free them from unnecessary pain. More ethical alternatives to animal testing are more cost-effective, quicker and more reliable. Contrary to what we might think, animals share similar characteristics with us in terms of their physical and psychological states. Jeremy Rifkin, author of twenty books on the impact of scientific and technological changes on the societyRead MoreAnimal Experimentation And Animal Testing1261 Words   |  6 Pagesagainst animal experimentation. The report begins with an introduction briefly outlining what animal experimentation refers to, introducing the three perspectives and highlighting the intention behind this investigation. The report then explores the positive and negative medical aspect of animal experimentation stating that it has resulted in vital vaccines benefitting both humans and animals, but also accepting it is not always reliable. The advantages and disadvantages of animal testing on consumerRead MoreAnimal Testing is Necessary, but Should All Testing of Pharmaceuticals be Carried Out on Animals?869 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Animals have been used for pharmaceutical testing throughout history. The Greeks in early BC were the first to carry out animal testing using live animals to test experiments and different medicines on. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_animal_testing) Animal testing has provided many positives to human lives but is still a controversial issue. Some people believe that animal testing is unnecessary and alternatives should be considered. Others believe animal testing is essential to

Half of an essay on Emergent and Intended approach free essay sample

I have been asked to evaluate two approaches to strategic management and assess their suitability in an organisation. Emergent and intended strategies are two different approaches to strategic management. The emergent approach can be often described as a set of consistent decisions which results in an unintended or accidental pattern; this pattern wasnt anticipated during a plan. Intended strategy is perceived to be a more and reliable strategy , however emergent strategy can aid a business to perhaps be more flexible to a more volatile and constant changing market. The organisation I have chosen to discuss is Tesco PLC; I will evaluate their strategy methods to help conclude which method is more appropriate. Para 1 –main Is environmental context covered in the pestle analysis ? Emergent Emergent strategies have proven to be successful for many organisations, Henry Mintzberg was a scholar who often discussed the need for this strategy. Mintzberg believed that one of the major advantage of emergent strategy is that an organisation can learn from each decision, this is very different to an intended strategy where they follow a strategy formation. We will write a custom essay sample on Half of an essay on Emergent and Intended approach or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page intended approach can get out of hand when there are many competitive, could stop them being from responding competitively, just using theory by itself in a live organisation is not very useful, Andrews defends his models saying they are taking him too literally. Use his ideas as Framework. Doesn’t assess its internal capabilities against other organisation, enviormental context. Research suggests that acquired companys has to make a number of errors to discover what works for the business. However another research suggests an acquisitions turns out more financially successful if they use the strategic approach. Andrews- emergent leads to erosion partly because of its implementation process 1982 , strategies should evolve along with time as the environment context can change therefore so should the strategy. Intended Intended strategy applied by companies†¦. Explain the advantages of them and how it can work in the real work. Disadvantage of emergent Mintzberg. Critique of intended strategies (Ansoff) advantage of emergent†¦ there can be so many competitors of different varieties therefore assessing all their threats and how they could affect your business could prove to be difficult and possibly get out of hand. how in the technology industry its more about competitive response to be a key player (which is being emergent). The competencies they have in the strategy may not be available at the time or may not work, for example Tesco going to America as a discount store.. didn’t work for them because americans loves vouchers. Other companies could have found the market pre-empted by foresights from their competitors (strategy formulated in advanced ready for them). Emergent is time consuming Market and technology drivers: shaping an innovation strategy Frank Lattuch, Richard J. Pech, Frank Riemenschneider, Matthias Weigert (pp. 4 11) Keywords: Germany, Innovation, Leadership, Market Strategy, Strategy, Technology Article type: Case study

The Geography of New Zealand Essay Example For Students

The Geography of New Zealand Essay The Geography of New ZealandBy Clayton BrownKirkpatrickPeriod 7February 25, 1996The well-known country of New Zealand is a small, resourceful nationlocated 1,000 miles off Australias south east coast. New Zealand has animpressive economy that continues to grow, a physical landscape that attractspeople from around the globe, and although small, New Zealand is a respectednation for its advanced civilization and stable government. The geography ofthis prestigious nation can be described through five principal categories, thephysical geography, the cultural geography, the citizens standard of living,the government, and the nations economy. New Zealand is located in the southern hemisphere, with an absolutelocation of 37 degrees south longitude to 48 degrees south longitude and 167degrees east latitude to 177 degrees east latitude. It is composed of two majorislands named the North and South Islands, and the total land area of the nation,approximately divided equally between the two islands, is 103,470 square miles. Surprisingly, only 2 percent of the land area is arable. New Zealand has anabundance of natural resources, explaining why the country is so wealthycompared to other nations. These resources include fertile grazing land, oiland gas, iron, coal, timber, and excellent fishing waters. We will write a custom essay on The Geography of New Zealand specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now New Zealands climate is basically moderate year round because of thenearby ocean that regulates the climate. New Zealand enjoys a marine west coastclimate, that on average produces sixty to eighty degree temperatures in Januaryand forty to sixty degree temperatures in July. Because it is surrounded by theocean, New Zealand receives immense quantities of precipitation on both islands. The average annual precipitation on the North Island is thirty to forty inchesand on the South Island it is forty to fifty inches. This climate producesmixed forests, mid-latitude deciduous forests, and temperate grasslandvegetation. The terrain is dominated by meadows, pastures, wood lands, and asmall chain of mountains called the Southern Alps. The land is blanketed withsmall lakes and rivers that drain the highlands and empty into the ocean. Theextraordinary diversity of the physical geography found in the United Statesseems to have been duplicated in this relatively small country, where the skislopes and the beaches may be only an hour apart. The cultural geography of New Zealand is not as diverse as its physicalgeography. Currently 3,547,983 people live in New Zealand, but 83.7 percent ofthe population live in urbanized areas. The chief cities, each containing morethan one hundred thousand people, are Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Manukau,and Wellington. The average population per square mile is only 34, but it isgrowing due to a 0.8 percent natural growth rate. Keeping in mind that only 2percent of the land is arable, the crop land per capita is a meager 0.125 acresper person. Large portions of New Zealand are devoted to sheep stations, forthere are more sheep in New Zealand than people. The official language of New Zealand is English, although a smallpercentage of the people speak Maori, the native language. Somewhatcorresponding to the language groups, the religious make up is 52 percentChristian, 15 percent Roman Catholic, and 33 percent unspecified or none. Thecountry takes pride in a 99.9 percent literacy rate by having an excellenteducation system. The entire nation resides in a single time zone that wouldreport 6:00 A.M. if the time in Amarillo, Texas was noon. From the countryscultural geography, it could be predicted that the nation would enjoy a goodstandard of living. In 1994 the gross national product of New Zealand was acolossal 56.4 billion United States dollars, generating a per capita income of$16,640. For every 3.2 people there is a television, and for every 2.2 peoplethere is a telephone, meaning there are over 2,600,000 televisions andtelephones in New Zealand. Fortunately, 99.8 percent of the people are able toenjoy safe drinking water, including the natives who live in rural areas. .ub1be9afc0092baf0d90a76e785ffcf9c , .ub1be9afc0092baf0d90a76e785ffcf9c .postImageUrl , .ub1be9afc0092baf0d90a76e785ffcf9c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub1be9afc0092baf0d90a76e785ffcf9c , .ub1be9afc0092baf0d90a76e785ffcf9c:hover , .ub1be9afc0092baf0d90a76e785ffcf9c:visited , .ub1be9afc0092baf0d90a76e785ffcf9c:active { border:0!important; } .ub1be9afc0092baf0d90a76e785ffcf9c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub1be9afc0092baf0d90a76e785ffcf9c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub1be9afc0092baf0d90a76e785ffcf9c:active , .ub1be9afc0092baf0d90a76e785ffcf9c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub1be9afc0092baf0d90a76e785ffcf9c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub1be9afc0092baf0d90a76e785ffcf9c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub1be9afc0092baf0d90a76e785ffcf9c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub1be9afc0092baf0d90a76e785ffcf9c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub1be9afc0092baf0d90a76e785ffcf9c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub1be9afc0092baf0d90a76e785ffcf9c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub1be9afc0092baf0d90a76e785ffcf9c .ub1be9afc0092baf0d90a76e785ffcf9c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub1be9afc0092baf0d90a76e785ffcf9c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tom Sawyer Analysis EssayNew Zealand has a superb health care industry that serves as a paragonto the rest of the world. There are presently 11,335 physicians and 31,122hospital beds in New Zealand, for an ample ratio of one physician per 313 peopleand one hospital bed per 114 people. The population of New Zealand is providedwith plenty of food and a healthy diet, the average person receivesapproximately 3,250 calories per day. New Zealand has one of the highest lifeexpectancies in the entire world, that being 74 for men, 80 for women, and 77for any person. Unfortunately, AIDS is a growing problem in New Zealand thatcontinues to spread at a phenomenal rate. There have been 3,548 AIDS casesreported, affecting one out of every 1,000 people with the syndrome, not tomention the thousands more infected with the HIV virus. New Zealands government has contributed to its impressive standard ofliving. New Zealand achieved independence from the United Kingdom on September26, 1907. The government was placed in Wellington, on the North Island, andstill remains there today as the capital. The government is a constitutionalmonarchy that was designed to resemble the United Kingdom government. Itincludes an executive branch, legislative branch, judicial branch, and a Kingand Queen employed only as figureheads. The military is divided into threebranches, the New Zealand army, the Royal New Zealand Navy, and the Royal NewZealand Air Force. Presently there are 742,871 men fit for military service,but only 10,500 active troops in service. New Zealand has a flourishing economy that is based on three maineconomic activities, livestock raising, farming, and foreign trade. The economyis almost completely dependent on the export of goods, which include wool, lamb,mutton, beef, fish, and forestry products. Twenty percent of the exports go toAustralia, 15 percent to Japan, 12 percent to the U.S., 6 percent to the U.K.,and 47 percent to other countries. New Zealands monetary unit is the NewZealand dollar, and the exchange rate is 1.46 N.Z. dollars equals 1 U.S. dollar. With a 6.2 percent economic growth rate, New Zealand could soon have one of thetop five economies in the world. New Zealand is among the worlds finest countries, because of itsexquisite landscape and first-rate economy.With an excellent standard ofliving, perfect climate, and majestic terrain, New Zealand for many people is anideal place to live. Every year hundreds of thousands of people tour NewZealand just to catch a glimpse of what many proclaim to be paradise, and afterresearching this report, I intend to someday be one of those tourists. Works CitedBaerwald, Thomas, and Celeste Fraser. World Geography: A World Perspective. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1995. New Zealand. World Fact Book (1995). Site:http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/ 95fact/nz.html. Comptons Learning Company. Comptons Living Encyclopedia. New York: Soft Key,1997. Famighetti, Robert. The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1997. United States:World Almanac Books, 1997. Novosad, Charles. The Nystrom Desk Atlas. Chicago: Division of Hereff Jones,Inc, 1994.

Police wasting time - Emphasis

Police wasting time Police wasting time The police often have a hand in giving out long sentences. Now theyre writing them. A potentially record-breaking 102-word single sentence appears in the Association of Chief Police Officers comeback to a government report on policing. Heres the offending passage (note do not attempt to read this before operating heavy machinery): The promise of reform which the Green Paper heralds holds much for the public and Service alike; local policing, customized to local need with authentic answerability, strengthened accountabilities at force level through reforms to police authorities and HMIC, performance management at the service of localities with targets and plans tailored to local needs, the end of centrally engineered one size fits all initiatives, an intelligent approach to cutting red tape through redesign of processes and cultures, a renewed emphasis on strategic development so as to better equip our service to meet the amorphous challenges of managing cross force harms, risks and opportunities. If you made it to the end: well done. This kind of meandering, jargon-heavy sentence would almost certainly lose most readers a quarter of the way through: 35 words should be the maximum length in such a document. Although a spokeswoman did hold her hands up on behalf of the police chiefs verbosity, she also posed the defence that the piece was written primarily to persuade civil servants. She claimed it was therefore written in a language familiar to them. The civil servants weve worked with certainly deserve a lot better. But if shes right about ACPOs audience, its little wonder that were all prisoners to paperwork.

Works Ethics Focusing on Engineering Ethics Term Paper

Works Ethics Focusing on Engineering Ethics - Term Paper Example To enhance the effectiveness in engineering work the association has a code of ethics that every engineer must follow. First, a professional engineer must follow some fundamental canons in regard to completion of their expertise duties. They are required to perform services in areas within their competence. Safety, welfare, and health of the public should be held paramount. The statement offered by a professional engineer must be released in a truthful and objective manner. Engineers must be trustees or faithful agents for clients or employers. They should conduct themselves responsibly, ethically, honorably, and lawfully in order to enhance the reputation and honor of their professional importance. Secondly, professional engineers’ duties are guided by regulations of practice. Regarding their duties towards the society, they need to notify the appropriate authority in case of circumstances endangering property or life of people before they overrule any judgment. Engineers sha ll not disclose data and facts without the preceding consent of an authorized employer or client according to the law (Davis 34). The only documents engineering shall use will be those in conformity with the standards applicable. They shall not use and allow associates in business or their names to engage in dishonest or fraudulent enterprises. Following their performances in their areas of competency, they also need to act appropriately.  Engineers serving publicly as advisors, employees or members of a department shall not give directions with respect to solicited services either provided by themselves or business in public or private engineering practice.  

ERM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

ERM - Essay Example Innovation in the public sector context: In public sector context, innovation is defined as application of new ideas to produce improved outcomes. It is creating and implementing products, services or methods of delivery to improve the efficiency, the effectiveness and the quality of outcomes (Hargadon, Andrew 2003). Generally the public sector is considered as a passive receiver of innovation taking place in the private sector by the private companies, but the public institutions do innovate as well. Innovation takes place across government’s public sector entities these include policy development, different approaches for using technology, program delivery, also organizational innovation to provide new services. Every public servant should realize and appreciate the importance and diversity of innovation, and find such ways to achieve it that minimizes its risks (Mulgan & Albury 2003). Different forms and dimensions of innovation: Innovation theories show that it can take ma ny forms as some will be transformational, representing s a substantial departure from the past. Others include organizational improvements or emergent technologies. Innovation can be triggered within a sector/institution or by external influences. Different types of innovation in the public sector include the following streams. Firstly shaping policy directions; here the public sector role is to provide consultancy to government’s decision making related to policies and programs by providing objective and reasoned advices. Second type is implementation of policies and programs that is by delivering services to the country’s community efficiently and effectively. Lastly there are administrative innovations that introduce new internal processes and practices aimed at improving productivity and reducing costs (Paul Cunningham). Benefits of Innovation: There are many diverse benefits of innovation. Innovation is crucial for the enhancement of economic performance, welfare of the society, and for the stability of the environment, these benefits of innovation are widely recognized. Innovation can also drive new directions and enable better performance. It can improve an organization’s or a sector’s (public or private) efficiency as innovation would provide not only higher quality but also more timely services to citizens. It will also reduce business transaction costs. One of the major benefits of innovation is that it provides new methods of operation, and it is only innovation that helps moving from the present to future (Reilly 2013). Two Basic Drivers for Innovation: One of the main drivers for innovation specifically in public sector includes new and changing government as well as community expectations, to meet these expectations the public sector needs to innovate. The other driver for innovation in the public sector is the need for coordinated approaches, this is when there are discrepancies in the current approaches and are not sufficient for the new changing system, hence innovation is to come up with new approaches and refined processes that can fulfill the requirements (Boden & Miles 2000). Private and public sector innovation: Both the private and public sector innovation have some differences, commonalities, and synergies. Some aspects of public sector inn

Perspectives of Dyslexia

Perspectives of Dyslexia Historically, dyslexia has been explained by three contending perspectives: visual deficit, phonological deficit and cerebellar deficit. Discuss, with reference to Frith (1999), whether these deficit perspectives can be reconciled. This decisive essay will discuss the three contending perspectives of dyslexia and whether these deficit perspectives can be submissive according to Frith (1999). A definition of dyslexia would be outlined as well as a brief background on the three contending perspectives. Furthermore, Frith (1999) article would be discussed including a detailed explanation of Friths three levels of framework and the environmental, cognitive and biological aspects of it and also emphasizing the advantages and disadvantages of frith framework. In addition academic literature and journals will be implemented to sustain the understanding of dyslexia and the contending perspectives, thus making it effective visually. The term dyslexia involves difficulties in learning to read and write. But this is not the only form of difficulty that dyslexic people experience. Dyslexic people usually have difficulties with verbal and visual information. One common example can be learning the sounds of the letters of the alphabet, but this also can affect dyslexic people to learn and remember the names of many objects as well. Usually, dyslexic people have difficulty in learning phonological information in short term memory, any processing of verbal information will be difficult. Mental arithmetic is also another form of difficulty of dyslexia, mathematic can experience difficulties because of the coding that is required often in learning the symbols and functions of mathematics. Also directional confusion is also common in dyslexia; they find it hard to remember and recall left and right. The term ‘Dyslexia means much more in society today than two decades ago. Dyslexia was used to describe different outline of acquired dyslexia and been investigated for almost 100 years. There is a historic difference between the term Dyslexia and the ideas that follow it: ‘learning needs and ‘integration or the term ‘word blindness which was used first by Kussmaul (1877) to differentiate the particular type of speech difficulty which is caused by the left side of the brain controlling speech. Frith (1999) states The definition and explanation of dyslexia have long been problematic (p, 192). As a significant term, Dyslexia transpired rather recently in the history of special education. The history of Dyslexia still traces experiences of the ongoing progression into the present decade, on providing an idea of separate ‘special education for dyslexia pupil in development. The definition of dyslexia has changing according to the increase of knowledge and understanding over the years of debates on dyslexia. There have been many approaches in defining dyslexia, such as exclusion, discrepancy and identification of positive indicators. Frith (1999) stresses the definition of dyslexia Dyslexia can be defined as a neuro-developmental disorder with a biological origin and behavioural signs which extend far beyond problems with written language. At the cognitive level, putative causes of the behavioural signs and symptoms of the condition can be specified (p, 192). In the late 1970s, Uta frith changed from primarily visual theory to a phonological theory. Frith has investigated the cognitive phenotype, which is a difficulty in accessing internally characterize structure of words. In the cross-cultural European project, frith demonstrate that the brain basis of dyslexia in French, Italian and English is the same, although the expression of dyslexia in reading and spelling shows difference in the three countries. Uta Frith (1999) has presented an encouraging framework for thinking about the nature of developmental difficulties. Frith implied that there are three main contending perspectives on any particular developmental condition: a behavioural, cognitive and biological one. And also there are environmental factors that can have a part in the image of these contending perspectives. Friths biological and cognitive perspectives propose theoretical description that involves investigational substantiation, where else the behavioural perspectives lean to be less discussed and questioned because the behaviours can be directly experimental and analysed. The cognitive perspectives seem to describe the processes, which sort of explain how the biological and behavioural explanations plan on to each other. For example, if an area of the brain is damaged (biological perspective), the damaged area would be incapable to store new long-term memories (behavioural perspective) because the brain is unable to function the damaged area, and so it is not capable of transmitting new information from short-term to long-term areas (cognitive perspective). Friths framework highlights the theoretical explanations of dyslexia. Friths framework echoes the levels to which perspectives in psychology can be seen as rather opposite, differing and parallel. It is suggested that when discussing explanations of ‘abnormal development, it is immoral to think that biological and cognitive perspectives are challenging with each other or competing. In fact, it can be seen differently as cognitive and biological models can be complementary rather than contradictory. It is noticed that many description of dyslexia aim to a difficulty with several aspects of memory. This is because people with dyslexia have difficulty with tasks such as mental arithmetic, writing and reading and learning new information, this requires short-term memory processing in the brain. Yet still, these tasks have an additional quality in common, they hold a phonological component. This involves the processing of speech sounds in short term memory. So it is likely to suggest that the deficit in phonological processing may give an account of dyslexia. To be able to understand the impact of why phonological deficit have an effect on writing and reading, it is important to understanding how people with dyslexia naturally learn to read. It is still know clearly understood whether the phonological deficit is connected to the encoding or retrieval of phonological demonstration in memory. While there may be evidence that phonological processes difficulties in processing information in short-term memory, there is also an assumption that the way the information is corresponded to and stored in long-term memory could also further explicate the poor presentation of people with dyslexia on phonological activities. The phonological deficit it seen as a hypothesis, while it has a superior deal of experimental sustains, it is a theoretical hypothetical suggestion, and something that we dont know definitely exists. During the 1970s and 1980s visual deficit explanations were left behind; psychologists gradually adopted a phonological deficit model of dyslexia, debating that reading difficulties reflect on the key problems with language processing. Although the phonological deficit explanation is still widely researched and very popular, there has been a reappearance of attention in the idea that there may be a primary visual deficit that could explain difficulties in learning visual-phonological association. It would be misleading to assume either that visual-perceptual and phonological problems must be equally limited, or to believe that all people with specific reading difficulties are similar. The difference in the ‘clinical image of dyslexia (at either the behavioural or the cognitive level of Friths model) does not in fact rule out some common underlying ‘cause at the biological level. The difficult connection between biology and environment means that the same biological ‘problem can result in different cognitive and behavioural consequences for different people. It is suggest that people with reading difficulties fall into one of three subtypes, depending on the underlying cause of their problem: phonology group, (slow naming) rate group, double deficit group. Because the most common outline of action recommended for children with reading difficulties focuses on improving phonological awareness, support for different type of cognitive deficit in dyslexia is significant. If visual processing deficits do engage in recreating an imperative task, or if there are rate and double deficit subtypes, then training in phonological understanding alone would be i mprobable to address all reading difficulties. It is seen that the cognitive reason ‘explain various behavioural signs of dyslexia. Nevertheless, yet when engaged together, dyslexia cannot be explained completely, nor its inconsistency among individuals. As Frith implies, cognitive account taken in separation are incomplete; biological explanations should also be considered. There has also been awareness on turning to the potential task of the cerebellum in dyslexia. Cerebellum is very important for motor coordination and planning but also is now recognised to engage in a vital part in cognitive development, mainly in the ‘rote learning, for example being able to learning the alphabet and multiplication tables ‘of by heart. Referring to frith model, emphasise on the fact that variability at the behavioural or the cognitive level (e.g. phonological or visual problems) needs not to be taken out single primary source at the biological level. It is perfectly likely that microscopic differentiation in brain architecture could have dissimilar effects according to the exact brain areas affected. ‘Environment is frequently used to refer to only social or non-biological influences. Yet still, it actually also refers to the biological, cognitive and behavioural environments that people might be exposed to. Referring back to Friths framework, it can be recalled that the environment can be greatly involved in each deficit perspectives. An example of biological environmental influences is a dietary deficiency, such as inadequate use of fatty acids. It can be said that home environment can influence reading development, yet also school environments also can influence reading development of children with dyslexia. Like for example children are always in the process of being exposed to different methods of reading instructions and it is discussed and questioned that some instructional methods can in fact avoid reading difficulties.

Reinhold Niebuhr :: essays research papers fc

Reinhold Niebuhr Theologian, ethicist, and political analyst, Reinhold Niebuhr was a towering figure of twentieth﷓century religious thought. He is well known and is appreciated for many reasons among American theologians. Niebuhr had a very strong opinion and much to say when it came down to man and violence in regards to peace and war. Although he thought of himself as a preacher and social activist, the influence of his theological thought on the field of social ethics and on society made him a significant figure. Reinhold Niebuhr was born in Wright City, Missouri, on June 21, 1892 as the son of Gustav and Lydia Niebuhr. His father, Gustav was an immigrant from Germany and became an ordained minister of the German Evangelical Synod after graduating from Eden Seminary at St. Louis, the training school for ministers of the Deutsche Evangelical Synod of North America. His mother was a daughter of German Evangelical Synod missionary, Edward Hosto. Gustav and Lydia had four children, Hulda, Walter, Reinhold, and Helmut Richard (who is as famous as Reinhold in theological circles). Thus Reinhold grew up in a religious atmosphere in his parents’ parish of St. John in Lincoln, Illinois. His father considered himself as an American and a liberal. It is not surprising that Reinhold aspired to have such liberal values and follow in his father’s footsteps to Eden Seminary in 1912. With a strong impression from his father’s ministry, Reinhold, the favorite child of his father, decided to be a minister. By his decision, Reinhold studied in the Evangelical pro-seminar, Elmhurst College, near Chicago, which provided him with foundations of liberal arts and languages, from 1907 to 1910, and then he moved to Eden Seminary at St. Louis, following his father’s path. After graduating from Eden Seminary, he encountered a serious money problem because of his father’s sudden death in the spring of 1913. In the same year, Niebuhr became an ordained minister of the German Evangelical Synod. Then he attended Yale Divinity School with a scholarship and received a Bachelor of Divinity in 1914 and his final degree of Master of Arts from Yale University in 1915. His professional life began with the ministry. In 1915, the mission board of his denomination sent him to Detroit as pastor where he served for thirteen years. The congregation numbered sixty-five when he arrived and grew to nearly seven hundred when he left. His witness of working class life in his ministry with American automobile industry laborers in Detroit gave him a critical view of capitalism and made him an advocator of socialism concerning social and economic reality.

Bus210 Motivational Case Study Essay

I believe in the â€Å"Two Men and a Truck† case study, the motivational theory that Mrs. Sheets’ uses is the goal setting theory. Her initial goal was to help support her sons’ part-time jobs. She created a marketing campaign, although she may not have seen it as such, by designing the stick figure drawing that is still being used today in the company. As a single mother, she did not want to turn away the phone calls that continued to be received, even after her sons went away to college and therefore, she purchased an inexpensive truck and hired two workers to maintain the business operations. Mrs. Sheets expanded the company and set out a goal of being the most customer-friendly moving company. To assist with this goal, she arranged trainings for her employees, and franchisee employees, where they learn basic customer service tools and how to be a high-functioning team member. These tools include how to properly answer the phone and to always shake the customer’s hand when the work is completed. She also asks employees to complete a survey card so the organization can use the feedback as coaching opportunities. All of these tools helped Mrs. Sheets’ company become one of the most successful moving companies in the area. In the Siemens case study, the motivational theory that is described is Management by objectives. Mr. Kleinfield took over a Siemens unit in 1998 and immediately requested a change in work shifts, including working weekends. The employees were shocked by what was being requested but also recognized that due to a competitor, their jobs were in jeopardy from a lack of production. Mr. Kleinfield expressed an interest in the work being performed by being in the factory and asking questions related to the operations. This interest helped win over the employees and with the new schedules, production times were cut from six weeks to one. Although the employees did not know what was going on, Mr. Kleinfield recognized what the ultimate goal of the production facility was and put a plan into action as soon as he took it over to make it a success. By demonstrating this leadership, he ultimately was offered the CEO position, even though he never worked in any facility for very long, especially as a Consultant, but did have experience in every department that was associated with Siemens.

Thomas Hobbes And Nicholas Machiavelli Essay - 1481 Words

Thomas Hobbes and Nicholas Machiavelli embarked on the journey to create. Although depicted as nasty realists, closer reading into Machiavelli and Hobbes reveal the aspirations of idealists. Idealists who dared to imagine a different world, a world wherein man is not depraved and fallen — but is rather able to create. In effect, these idealist exalted man’s abilities rather than man’s depravity and banishment from the garden of eden. Machiavelli acknowledged that the practice of creating a political order in time meant only temporal glory is attainable, for fortuna will always win. Nonetheless, the heretical optimism of humanism created more problems than resolutions; creating stasis in chaos, time, change, creating a novel type of ethics, placing mankind in an objective position — namely, that of God’s —.Thomas Hobbes wrote during the English civil war. It appears to me that absolute claims to truth was the problem. Hobbes’ contempora ries were driven to kill because of absolute convictions, the solution is to create the skeptical man. A skeptical man with relative convictions is a governable, and more importantly, less likely to pick up a sword. Truth claims were Hobbes’ first casualty, as it is the conviction of absolutes which drove men to kill one another. The task Hobbes ventures into is extraordinary; to construct an argument for the absurdity or irrationally of the prevailing religious discourses! Hobbes nominalistic attack against language was the fiercest attackShow MoreRelated Political Philosophy Essays2485 Words   |  10 Pages they are still essential because they keep most citizens safe. So therefore, set laws, although essential, limit the free will of people no matter how sophisticated or organized they are. To support this, the theories and opinions of John Locke, Hobbes, Voltaire, and Plato will be presented. The first three of these philosophers lived at approximately the same time per iod and all support the essentiality of laws, although they limit free will. Plato lived much earlier but still has his own viewsRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 Pages and its relation to various political systems[8]. In this period the crucial features of the philosophical method were established: a critical approach to received or established views, and the appeal to reason and argumentation. [pic] [pic] St. Thomas Aquinas [edit] Medieval philosophy (c. A.D. 500–c. 1350) Main article: Medieval philosophy Medieval philosophy is the philosophy of Western Europe and the Middle East during what is now known as the medieval era or the Middle Ages, roughly extendingRead Morehistory of philosophy5031 Words   |  21 Pagesmere logical argument at the beginning of the high medieval period was to follow Aristotelian demonstration by starting from effects and reasoning up to their causes. This took the form of the  cosmological argument, conventionally attributed to  St. Thomas Aquinas. The argument roughly is that everything that exists has a cause. But since there could not be an infinite chain of causes back into the past, there must have been an uncaused first cause. This is God. Aquinas also adapted this argument